Flannery Oconnor And The South Essays - Good Country People

Flannery O'connor And The South A Good Man Is Hard To Find and Good Country People are two short stories written by Flannery OConnor during her short lived writing career. Despite the literary achievements of OConnors works, she is often criticized for the grotesqueness of her characters and endings of her short stories and novels. Her writings have been described as understated, orderly, unexperimental fiction, with a Southern backdrop and a Roman Catholic vision, in defiance, it would seem, of those restless innovators who preceded her and who came into prominence after her death(Friedman 4). A Good Man Is Hard To Find and Good Country People are both set in the South, and OConnor explores the tension between the old and new South. The stories are tow ironically twisted tales of different families whos lives are altered after trusting a stranger, only to be mislead. Each story explores the themes of Christian theology, new verses the old South, and fallen human nature. In A Good Man Is Hard To Find, OConnor introduces the reader to a family representative of the old and new Southern culture. The grandmother represents the old South by the way in which she focuses on her appearnace, manners, and gentile ladylike behavior. OConnor writes her collars and cuffs were organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady(OConnor 118). In this short story, the wild diproportion of the terms, the vapid composure that summons up the ultimate violence only to treat it as a rare social opportuinty, and the cool irony with which OConnor presents the sentence makes it both fearful and ludicrous(Asals 132). The irony that OConnor uses points out the appalling characteristics of the grandmothers self-deception that her clothes make her a lady and turns it into a comic matter. Flannery OConnor goes to grea t length to give the reader insight into the characters by describing their clothes and attitudes. The fact that the grandmother took so much time in preparing herself for the trip exemplifies the old Southern tradition of self-presentation and self-pride. The grandmother takes pride in the way she presents herself because she wants everyone to know that she is a lady. Baileys, the grandsons, family represents that of the new Southern culture that is more open to change, but they are not totally receptive to change. OConnor describes the childrens mother in contrast to the grandmother by what they are wearing; thus their clothes represent the age from which they are. The Childrens mother still had on slacks and still had her head tied up in a green kerchief, but the grandmother had on navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white dot in the print(OConnor 118). The childrens mother is representative of the New South in which the Southern Lady is becoming less of a central figure within society. A lady of the old south would never wear slacks and tie her hair up in a kerchief to go out in public. Under an old south mentality these actions would be considered very unlady like. OConnor illustrates the tension between the old and the new south by the constant struggle between the grandmother, her son, and the daughter-in-law. OConnor also poses the contrast between the old and new South in her short story Good Country People. Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman represent the old South because of the way in which they carry themselves and their traditional beliefs and values. Mrs. Freeman works for Mrs. Hopewell who states the reason for her keepin her so long was that they were not trash. They were good country people(OConnor 272). Mrs. Hopewell describes Mrs. Freeman and her two daughters as two of the finest girls she knew and Mrs. Freeman was a lady and that she was never ashamed to take her anywhere or introduce her to anybody they might mett(OConnor 272). In contrast to Mrs. Freeman and Mrs. Hopewell, Joy/Hulga represents the new south that is not concerned with self presentation in the way that the grandmother is in A

Polonius is an interesting Essays

Polonius is an interesting Essays Polonius is an interesting Paper Polonius is an interesting Paper Essay Topic: Interesting The characters play important roles in Shakespeares Hamlet. Each character is unique in his of her contribution to the entire play. Without certain characters, the play would not have the same effect. Polonius is an interesting and complicated character who plays an important part in Hamlet. Although he is not one of the main characters, Polonius serves as the nosy chief counselor to King Claudius. Poloniuss destructive personality and meddling behavior leads to his fatal end. Poloniuss first extended speaking scene is in Act I, Scene 3. In this scene, Laertes is speaking to his sister Ophelia about Hamlets attention towards her. He warns her to protect her virtues. Polonius arrives and reminds his son that he should be on his way to Paris. Right after Laertes leaves, Polonius turns to his daughter and asks her what they were discussing before he entered the room. Although it may be common for a father to be concern with his daughters life, Polonius did not act concerned- just ignorant and criticizing. The lack of Poloniuss concern can be read in his responses to Ophelia. Right after she reveals that they were talking about Hamlet, Polonius criticized her. When Ophelia explains to her father that Laertes was concerned about Hamlets late made many tenders (1. 3. 108), Polonius just scoffs at the idea of Hamlet being attentive towards her. His words are blunt and unkind. He calls Ophelia a woodcock (1. 3. 124), which is a gullible bird. Polonius does not consider his daughters feelings for Hamlet. He continues to warn her to conduct herself well so she does not make him appear a fool. He forbids her from seeing Hamlet for the wrong, selfish reasons. In this scene, Poloniuss character displays a selfish nature where he only cares about his image. His rudeness to his daughter shows that he does not care about her. Instead, he is suspicious that she might ruin his reputation and that Hamlet has the worst intentions for Ophelia. Polonius is selfish, suspicious, and uncaring. The suspicious trait later plays a part in Claudiuss death when he is trying to find out the reason behind Hamlets insanity. Polonius is meddling in his sons life in Act II, Scene 1. Before Laertes departs to Paris, Polonius gave him some last words of advice. Polonius reminds him thou canst not be false to any man (1. 3. 83) and to thine own self be true (1.3. 84). Polonius is asking his son to be honorable and virtuous. Polonius is hypocritical for giving his son this advice because he is not trusting of his own son. After his son leaves, he sends Reynaldo to follow Laertes to Paris to find out how he is conducting himself. Polonius does not trust his son and does the dishonorable thing of sending a spy. Why would Polonius give Laertes fatherly advice and still not trust his son? This shows another weakness of Polonius. He cannot learn to trust others. He is a hypocrite for asking his son to be honorable when he cannot listen to his own advice. Polonius is proven not to be an honorable man and this ironically is how he was killed. Polonius did the unthinkable act of spying and eavesdropping on a private conversation and is killed. If Polonius had listen to his own advice to his son, Polonius would have never mettle in Hamlets life and continually spy on him. Poloniuss job is to be King Claudiuss chief counselor. Part of the job description is to help Claudius sort out information and make wise decisions. But there are moments when it seems as though Polonius wants to make the final word, as oppose to letting Claudius make the final decision. This shows that Polonius likes to meddle in other peoples business, including his own kings life. Polonius does not let other people live their lives without his words. Being nosy is the reason why Polonius got involved with Hamlets sanity issue and leads Polonius to his death later in the play. In Act II, Scene 2, Polonius suggests a reason for Hamlets sudden lunacy. He believes the reason is that Ophelia refuses to see Hamlet and that alone has driven Hamlet into madness. Polonius devises a plan where he will let Ophelia talk to Hamlet. During their encounter, Polonius and Claudius will observe the situation from a hidden area. From this encounter, Polonius ensures Claudius that they will find the true reason for Hamlets madness. Poloniuss insensitivity towards Ophelias situation is shown when he uses her for his personal plans. He does not take her feelings into consideration and uses her as a prop to impress Claudius. But Poloniuss plan did not please Claudius. After watching the couple interacts, Claudius is now convinced that love is not the cause of Hamlets craziness. Dissatisfied that the King did not agree with his theory, Polonius urges one last attempt to find out Hamlets secret. Polonius is desperate to convince the King that his theory is right. Polonius wants to please Claudius, but he also does not want to be wrong. As a counselor, he should be obedient to the King. Instead, he tries to control Claudius by ignoring Claudiuss theory and convinces him to give one last attempt to find the whole truth. Little did he know his last meddling in Hamlets life would be a fatal one. Poloniuss life ends tragically. While hiding behind the arras and eavesdropping on Hamlet and Queen Gertrude, Polonius is convinced the truth would be revealed. Polonius is meddling in Hamlets life by getting involved in a situation that has nothing to do with him. During Hamlets and Gertrudes conversation, she is frightened by Hamlet which prompts Polonius to echo a cry out for help. Thinking Polonius was the king, Hamlet thrusts his rapier into the arras and kills him, whom Hamlet describes as a fool (3. 4. 38). Even Hamlet recognizes that Poloniuss death is avoidable if only he had stayed out of everyones personal business. Poloniuss sudden death is caused by his nosy, meddling ways. He is out to seek the truth about Hamlet and, ironically, is killed by Hamlet. If Polonius stopped meddling in Hamlets life in Act II, Scene 1, he would still be alive to be by the Kings side. Instead, he forces his way into finding secrets that do not involves him and ends up dead. Poloniuss destructive and prying personality is what kills him. Polonius plays an important role in Shakespeares play Hamlet. He meddles in other characters lives. He also sticks his nose into others situations. He is a selfish, suspicious, dishonorable, and nosy. These qualities are destructive and that is why his life ended so tragically. Poloniuss early death foreshadows the other characters deaths later in the play.

To Be Determined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

To Be Determined - Essay Example ed can come of the pure love (or lust) that these two men (the Duke and the Lover) seemed to want to shower on the two women who are the subjects (and objects) of these poems. These are apparently two women who had the men in their lives so afraid of losing their love that they killed to keep them where they wanted them, to control them or at least to control the moment, whether it was in the frame of a portrait or on the bed or couch that the two lovers last shared with one another. One of them even sat up and waited all night for God to come get him for the sin and the crime. If Porphyria’s lover was waiting for God to react to his selfish deed with punishment of some kind, (presumably with a bolt of lightning strategically placed to his left temple for the commission of the act of murder) why did he not just go ahead and kill himself, too? The main overall theme of both Robert Browning poems â€Å"My Last Duchess† (hereafter known as â€Å"Duchess†) and â€Å"Porphyria’s Lover† (hereafter known as â€Å"Lover†) is jealousy; as in jealousy mixed with contempt for beautiful women, all the way to the point of literal physical death. The relationship between Porphyria and her lover is positive and has a strong bond. This is why it appears that he (the Lover) could not deal with the thought of being without her. In â€Å"Duchess,† the woman that is the target of the Duke’s affection (worship nearly) has already passed on and all he has left of her is the painting on the wall, to which he, the narrator of the poem, refers at the very beginning. In â€Å"Lover,† the script is flipped. It is the object of the speaker’s discussion (the lady Porphyria) who nearly worships her man instead. He says this directly. (Browning, ll’s 32 and 33 â€Å"Happy and proud; at last I knew Porphyria worshippd me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). It is with these 10 words that the narrator of the story tells us that he realizes how far she had come to tell him of her love, and he then reveals to us, the

Movie Glory Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Glory - Movie Review Example This paper will highlight how the Zwick depicts the determination of black men. The blacks forming part of the first infantry that would train blacks in readiness for entry into the military forces were not doing it for the war sake only. The infantry presented them with an opportunity to prove that blacks possessed a lot of potential that the whites had chosen to notice. The movie targets to inform anyone who has an interest in knowing the dark sides of American history. The movie depicts a high level of teamwork and pursues of a common goal. These blacks needed endurance, persistence, and resilience to survive the tough training. They took the challenges in order to prove to the whites that they deserved more than the society had given them. Most of these soldiers had been slaving before, and their esteem was low. However, the producer of the movie shows clearly that these blacks made the best of the opportunity. In the civil war staged to determine whether they had gained war skills, they managed to prove to the world and to themselves that they deserved a l ot more in society. Despite the price they paid at war, the blacks achieved their goal. Shaw, the commanding officer in the infantry pushed the blacks beyond their limits forcing them to unleash the best of their potential. Throughout the training, Shaw wanted to improve their expertise and competence in fighting. The movie is suitable for viewers with historical interest. The producer succeeds in highlighting the teamwork and determination of blacks to prove their competence in the military department opening an opportunity for more black

Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin - Essay Example If one were to seek a comprehensive account of Franklin’s perspective most people look to the Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. This essay examines this text in terms of the means that Franklin presents his story as an illustration of self-improvement. One of the prominent ways that Benjamin Franklin explores themes of self-improvement is through his articulation of his own education. As is common knowledge Franklin was largely a self-taught individual. In the first part of his text, Franklin indicates that, â€Å"From a child I was fond of reading, and all the little money that came into my hands was ever laid out in books† (Franklin, p. 14). Franklin also indicates specific books he read. While not entirely presented as a path towards self-education, it’s clear that Franklin at least indirectly intends the reader to recognize that reading and intellectual pursuit were important aspects to his development. Franklin leaves it for the reader to then extract from these examples for their own self-improvement. A notable concern in these regards is that Franklin is not extremely over-handed in his presentation of life examples. For instance, at different instances he points out individuals he thought more intelligent or successful than himself. This mix of frank self-reflection with a touch of self-promotion is very successful as an instrument of self-improvement for others. Another prominent concern in examining the text as one of self-improvement is the means that Franklin traces his professional development. Similar to Franklin’s education this development process is not presented in an entirely over-handed or moralizing way, but instead is indicative of a true to form narrative account. In these regards, Franklin details how his interest in books led to his becoming involved in a printing press and the subsequent professional and personal developments he gained through this business. When Franklin does make proscriptive moral persp ectives on life he does so in the context of his story. Consider Franklin when he notes, â€Å"I grew convinc'd that truth, sincerity and integrity in dealings between man and man were of the utmost importance to the felicity of life† (Franklin, p. 58). This statement emerges when Franklin is talking about the influence his parents and religion had on his life. In these regards, Franklin’s autobiography does not sound preachy or overly self-aggrandizing, but the work of a benevolent man that has attained wisdom through hard-work and life experience. As Franklin’s text progresses it slightly veers from this narrative presentation to one more self-consciously concerned with presenting a map of self-improvement. A prominent example of this occurs in the second part when Franklin lists a letter he received encouraging him to continue writing his autobiography as it could be used as a means of self-improvement. Franklin extends this as he explores his pursuit of mora l perfection, outlining twelve points of character that he attempted to improve. While the first part of Franklin’s autobiography was highly reliant on the narrative progression of events that led to his personal and professional development, Franklin’s pursuit of moral perfection and his elaborate charts and diagrams demonstrating how he did so begins to squarely cast him as the first American version of Dr. Phil. Rather than his pursuit of mo

Contours in Construction

Contours in Construction Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction What is Contour? Contours need to determine the level at various points on the ground, and in the same horizontal position of those points should be fixed. Vertical control exercise carried out leveling work, but the level of control exercised chain survey or questionnaire survey compass or aircraft to be. If the theodolite horizontal and vertical control can be achieved from the same instrument. A profile can be classified in different groups based instrument. Contour function that can be used to understand the shape of the land. In addition, the actual pattern of the line will phone you to more detailed understanding of the region. Besides that, contour are divided into two types of methods in surveying which is direct methods and indirect methods. For the direct methods, It is included in the point found within the selected contour line of vertical and horizontal control. Instrument used for vertical control level. A grade level is set to take flight from the commanding heights of the nearby bench mark in the region. Collimation / height of the plane of the instrument was found the staff to be read a contour line is calculated. The staff of the instrument man asked the staff who cultivate the required reading is found up and down movement in the region. Surveyor built using his tools of this level of control. After the people of the instrument directs staff person to read another point in the same person can be found. Second is to establish the level of control. Therefore, a few points are based on a contour of one or two contour lines and proper record. Plane table survey is very suitable for the job. After setting the points needed for the establishment of the instrument from the instrument is moved to another point in order to cover a larger area. Level and investigative tools need not be shifted simultaneously. That is, if two are nearby, so easy to communicate better. Get speed leveling sometimes hand level, Abney level of use. This approach is slow, tedious and inaccurate. It is suitable for small areas. While for the indirect methods, the level of take in some selected points and their reduced levels. Thus, in this method to establish the level of control the first, then find the level of those points. After positioning point plan, the level of decline is inserted between the selection point markers and contour lines. Sources: (Methods of Contouring 2014) Diagram 1: Labeling Contour Maps (Sources: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Cntr-map-1.jpg/300px-Cntr-map-1.jpg) What is Autocad? AutoCAD is used in buildings, bridges, and computer chip manufacturing blueprint for a computer-aided drawing software program. AutoCAD is mainly used for drafters, it has occurred although engineers, surveyors and architects may need to use the software. Read on to learn more. AutoCAD is in the building, construction and manufacturing for the 2-D and 3-D computer-aided drawing software applications assist blueprints and other projects prepared. Who uses AutoCAD professionals often referred to the drafting. Although the drafters in some professional work, six of the most common areas of expertise are mechanical drawing, architectural drafting, civil drafting, electrical drafting, electronic drafting, drafting aviation. Methodology: In methodology, I will describe the step that how we produce and plot a contour plan and ground section . First step is to spot the height data. At the commend there, we key it the point and enter it. After we enter, it will show a specify point then we will key in the first point which is S1. For example; 146.048, 313.212, 82.739. So we will key it this point and for the rest of the point like S2, S3, S4 and S5 is using the same methods. (Refer to diagram 1) Diagram 1 After we state the specify point, we using the lines to draw a one long lines at the horizontal and vertical. After we draw a two lines, then we will click the line and type OFFSET, this will ask the distance between two lines and the distance is 25, so we key in 25 and enter it. Then we will click the lines beside the first lines and it will show a new lines. While it was the same step as a vertical part. Make sure that the specify point it inside the box that we do. Besides that, before we draw the lines, to make sure the lines is straight we will click ORTHO MODE from shortcut we can click F8, this will automatically to help you line become straight. (refer to diagram 2) Diagram 2 While next step is we firs go to home page , then we click Layer Properties. Then we will separate few layers should be use for the Buildings, Grid, Spot Height, Text, Border, Contours, Triangulated Ground Model (TGM) and Dimensions (refer to diagram 3). Then we click the point that we key in that five specify point and put it into spot heights categories. While for the boxes, we will put it into the grid categories. After that, we turn off the spot height and grid light bulbs. Then we will select line and key in the point A which is 168.934, 297.370. While for the rest in some step but after we key in until point F we have to key in back to point A, then the building shape we be shown up which is building 1. While for the Building 2, is same as the building 1 just key in the coordinate. After we got this two building 1 and 2 we put it as a building categories which is highlight building 1 and 2 and click the layout and select buildings column. (refer to diagram 4) Diagram 3 4 After it, turn on all the light bulbs and select text and key in the word which can see from the drawings. And the font size of the text is 3.5. The text have to key in is A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, Building 1, Building 2, S1 (82.739), S2 (82.789), S3 (86.479), S4 (85.539) and last is S5 (84.039) (refer to diagram 5) . Then we highlight or the text put it as a text categories. While next is find the dimension between D and G. First click to Annotate which is upper the column and then modify the dimension, select the text and key in the size is 3.5 and click ok. Then we click the OBJECT SNAP which is can click from the keyboard which is F3. This will help you to detect the point from D and G. Then we click the dimension from the Annotate and click from D to G. Then above the line, it will show the distance between 2 points. While for the point E and J is same step, so we just repeated it. Then we highlight the two dimension and put it into dimension categories. (refer to diagram 5) Diagram 5 Next step is to draw a triangulated shape by using the lines from S1 to S2 and S5, then S2 to S3 and S5, Then S4 will go to S4 and S5 and S4 will go to S1 and S5. Which is means connect all the point together by using the lines. Therefore we can see the pattern is like that diagram below. Then we highlight the lines for connect to each point, and put it into the Triangulated Ground Model. ( ps: just highlight the lines not the point like diagram below ) Diagram 6 After that, we click the draws which is under the lines, polyline and circle column. We select the multiple points and click the point from S1 to S4 about two point. Let say from S1 to S4 the two point is 82 and 85, therefore the number in between this two point is 83 and 84. So we will click two point between S 1 and S4 but the distance of the point must be medium of this two point and logical dont simply click. While S1 to S5 we will click one point. And from S5 to S3 also got one point. And last from the S2 and S3 got 3 point (refer to diagram 7). After we key in the point, the select the polyline and attach the point. While it is divided into 3 lines. The first line is from the upper point which is 83 coordinate, go to the point which is S1 to S5 and go to the upper point which is S2 to S3. While the second lines is start from second point (S1 to S4 there) go to point S5 and last go to second point ( S2 to S3). While the third lines is from S4 to the point between (S5 to S3) and last is go to last third point for S2 and S3. If not clearly, please refer to diagram 2 and it will be understand, what am I mention about. After that, we highlight the first lines and key it PEDIT and select spline. Then the line will be slightly spline. While for the other line is same step as a line 1, highlight the line key in PEDIT and select SPLINE. While the point that use multiples points and the lines highlight all and put it into Contour categories. Diagram 7 While the last step is draw a rectangular , above the grids for key in the student name and matrix ID. And last is to difference categories using the difference color like diagram 8. Diagram 8 Conclusion: In my conclusion, to design the 2D or 3D drawings is not a easy work by using manually. AutoCAD is in various fields, such as construction, mechanical, structural, civil, electrical and mechanical engineering and automotive applications. An architect can design creative ideal in any part of the building model of any type. For more information about AutoCAD, make complex projects simple. It combines the work of architects and engineers. From a small to a very large project, you get a precise design has great resolution. Its one of the basic drafting software, which is prominently used everywhere. Learn the software will provide design software and drawing software in the field of solid foundation. All mechanical engineers know, the prototype can be a very expensive process. The AutoCAD by eliminating the physical material and preliminary design workshop space allows significant savings in the design process. Although the purchase and operation of a software package has some costs, whi ch tend to be much less than the cost burden of the material and prototype shop when. As a digital simulation, AutoCAD models also allow engineers to test large-scale installations, this process will be costly physical prototypes advantage. Task 2:  Explain how to determine areas and volume of cut and fill, using surveying data (Pass). In planning the building design and construction, architects and engineers must first consider the existing conditions of the site. In most cases, a given site is not level and must be modified before any construction can begin. Therefore, the process of cut and fill construction process is usually the first to take place at a site in one. If there is no computer software to determine the amount of land to be added or removed, we can do a simple calculation to estimate the volume of cut and fill any site. First, the site is divided into sections. Essentially, the site is cut into the land segment, at a specified fixed distance, so we can look at each independent. Cutout portion is based on the land, in order to accurately represent the land topography being evaluated drawn. Topographic map describes the existing slope of land, and allows us to come to the site at an altitude of some of our cuts. Now, we have a two-dimensional cross-section is divided, we can estimate that the area to be cut and filled in the site. Each part of the cut to the desired land topography is expressed as cut line covered in the existing topography of the land line. Which brings us to two lines of each section, and tell us how many of the existing area must be removed or added. Then, the area between the lines is calculated to find the cut-and-fill each sub-region. The figure below shows the existing level lines and cutting area between the lines. From the diagram below, we can see that the start estimate how much land area must be cut off from the scene, and how much land area of the construction site must be completed field level. Diagram 9: Cut and fill Now, once part of the region has been found, we must consider the site (land between the cut portion) of additional length to be able to estimate the volume of land cut or fill. Finally, after the calculated value required us to determine not only how much land must be removed from or sponsors website, but also where the land must be specifically taken or sponsor. Remove or add any site land is an expensive process, so that our estimates are made close to the existing conditions may be important. Once we know how much land to cut or fill and cut and fill it, work can begin normal level site and build our building. Sources: (Cut and Fill 2015) Bibliography Cut and Fill, (2015), [Online], Available at: http://jwilson.coe.uga.edu/EMAT6680/Parsons/MVP6690/Essay3/cutfill.html [Accessed on 1st June 2015] Methods of Contouring, (2014), [Online], Available at: http://theconstructor.org/surveying/methods-of-contouring/6451/ [Accessed on 31 May 2015]     Ã‚  

Nelly Dean of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights :: free essay writer

Wuthering Heights - Nelly   In the book Wuthering Heights, the author, Emily Bronte, made Nelly the narrator. Many have questioned why Bronte would do so. Nelly never really had a life of her own because she lived at Wuthering Heights all her life.   Therefore, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange was her life.   Nelly was more than a servant, and had a personal relationship with most of the characters,which is why her story is so efficient, and her lack of knowledge not as important.   She really loved them, and she shows it when she says, "I kissed Hareton good-bye; and since then he has been a stranger: and it's queer to think it, but I've no doubt he has completely forgotten all about Ellen Dean, and that he was ever more than all the world to her and she to him!" (Wuthering Heights Pg. 81)   Hareton probably doesn't remember her, but that shows the lack of appreciation everyone had for her.   No one praised her like   Heathcliff and Edgar praised Catherine, but no one hated her like Hindly hated   Heathcliff.   In fact, she's the "middle man" that makes the transition from   Wuthering Heights to Thrushcross Grange so smooth.   If she had not been the narrator we wouldn't know what went on at Thrushcross Grange.   Nelly manages to know what went on at Wuthering Heights because of her good relationship with everyone.   So even though Nelly is not present there, she still has the capabilities to know what's going on.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There really isn't a mother figure in the story, but Nelly's role sure imply that she's the mother.   It's odd that every time a lad is born, the mother died during the birth, which led to Nelly's "mother like" role.   She didn't only play her "mother like" role with Hareton and Cathy, (the two lads who's mothers died during labor) but she also played her role with Heathcliff and Catherine.   When Heathcliff retaliated against Hindly and decided not to eat due to his pride; Nelly brought him some food and made sure he was okay. She also aided Catherine when she was mad at Edgar.   Nelly's role is so important, and an example of it is when Nelly visited Wuthering Heights and Hareton was throwing   rocks at her and cursing at her.   This would not have happened if Nelly was there, and Hareton would have learned how to read.

Inside the mind of a savant Essay

Treffert and Christensen’s article (2005), touches on the important and curious issue: the differences among humans. It is not to hide that jealous and curious species desire to possess what others possess and desire to know how it is possible. The description of savant individual, Kim Peek, leaves the readers wonder about the possibilities that have a mere possibility and right to existence. These authors begin their article with a concrete description of what does it mean to be savant. Their description is well poised and not an eggeduration. They, straightforwardly, describe the concrete features that Kim had without forgetting to mention that Kim also has serious physical disabilities. Kim’s listed abilities are though impressive. I do not know a person who would think twice to have what Kim had – but knot with the price that Kim had to pay. Enduring difficult attitude from others or enduring physical differences are quite different things. Kim endured physical differences that simply made him more different. Now, when he is a grown man (and way into his 50th), researchers took a serious interest in him due to the uniqueness of his case. The authors mentioned in the article that, even in childhood, Kim was missing Corpus Colossum, the connecting neural network that connects left and right human hemispheres. The writers write, â€Å"Yet in people whose corpus callosum has been severed in adulthood, generally in an effort to prevent epileptic seizures from spreading from one hemisphere to the other, a characteristic â€Å"split-brain† syndrome arises in which the estranged hemispheres begin to work almost independently of each other. † This statement, by itself, points out at the materialistic approach that without the synaptic connections between the right and left hemisphere the connection between right and left hemisphere is impossible. There were some ‘guesses’ among the appropriate researchers but no one wanted to mention a possibility that that here is a hidden purpose behind such appearances. The authors conjecture lies within a science fiction, however plausible. They wrote that the person born without corpus collossum learn to connect right and left hemisphere with the non-traditional ways. Their hypothesis consists of an idea that two separated hemispheres learn to act as one, in unison. One major point that the authors noticed was that the ‘abnormalities’ stem form the damage in the left hemisphere only. Furthermore, the suggested that males, per ce, display more frequent number of cases of savanism, stuttering, dyslexia, and autism. Their response to this theory was straightforward: one possible explanation lies within the fetus development in which they suggest that the make fetus has higher levels chemically dependent and left-brained situation. In to this hypothesis the understanding that the left hemisphere develops with a slower rate than that of right has a big part of their study. To evidence the above, the authors use the examples of so called â€Å"acquired savant syndrome† which is resulted in older children after the accidental damage to the left hemisphere. Further, the article speculates upon the implication of the significance behind the corpus collossum. One possibility includes a rationale, which suggests that, the possibility of the right brain compensation if the left-brain cannot function properly. Another possibility makes the readers think that inability to function within one hemisphere unravels the latent ability in another. The latter theory suggests that the left-brain dominance is due to the fact that we live in the techno logical society that prizes the left-brain achievements. Thus, the function of the left-brain, which is prone to science, math, and logic, leads us to what we call Human Rational, the human species that uses conscious analogies in their day-to-day operations (Read, 1997). The dysfunction of the left hemisphere all of the sudden opens new possibilities hidden and latent within the right hemisphere that holds the key to what we call today Human Conscious. It is of interest to the readers that traditional intelligence tests did not really work with the above subject: some parts showed below average while other superior range performance. In another excursion into the case, the authors noted Kim’s unusual versatility with a tremendously large lexicon of vocabulary in his possession. With Kim’s inability to explain the meaning behind the proverbs he finds amazing associations and is being quite effective in long-term memory recall. Such has been evidenced by his unusual abilities dealt with music, as per complex line up of tones and musical styles as well as the names and works of various artists. Here, and despite his dexterous prior complications, he can seat at piano and play a piece he had discussed â€Å"shifting effortlessly from one mode to another. † Even Greehan, the Mozart scholar commented positively about Kim’s abilities. In summary, the authors, refer to the fictional Rain Man produced after Kim’s life story, although the the writer Barry Morrow decided not to outline Kim’s life story. Similarities are striking, however, and cause one is thinking about not-discovered human abilities. References Darold A. Treffert and Daniel D. Christensen (2005). Onside the mind of a savant. Scientific American. Retrieved July 22, 2007 from http://www. condition. org/sa5c. htm Read, S. G. (Ed. ). (1997). Psychiatry in Learning Disability. Edinburgh: W. B. Saunders. Retrieved July 24, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=100737215.

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buy custom Research Sports essay Sport is the activity that people do for leisure and many times for winning. It is a physical or mental engagement that stimulates people to compete with one another for fame, ego, prizes or just keeping fit. Sport is an ancient activity whose origin is stipulated to have been China while other sources claim to be Greek. It is unlikely that sports is a definitive term for people have exceeded the limits supposed to be sporting limits to involve dangerous activities and name them sports (Allen 1992). The line between sport and other activities cannot be drawn if we take winning and physical engagement as terms for defining sports. Over centuries, sports have ceased from being regional to being international with major big sporting held all over the world. Despite the popularity that sport has gained over time, it has been linked to controversy and at times taking a political twist. Socially, sport is believed to be an event that enables people to interact with one another and at the same time challenging opponents for fame and prizes (Allen 1996). Major sporting events have been used by initiative to mobilize people to take a stand on certain economic, social, environmental and health issues. Many people have made careers out of sports, these include professional football players, basketball players, rugby, tennis, golf, boxing and cycling among many others. Sport as a physical event requires people to keep fit of their bodies in order to keep up with rivals and challenges of the nature of sport they are involved in. To keep fit, sportsmen have either engaged in extreme exercising or have tried to use muscle stimuli drugs to assist them to beat their competition. For this case, sporting is both beneficial and dangerous activities for participants and fans (Gleyse 2006). Violence has been associated with sporting events where hooliganism and misguided celebrations escalate out of proportion. Sports, besides being a winning or losing event have been modified in some communities or during some events to act as a social of bonding fiber. As an art, sports have been growing steadily in terms of fans, participants, margin of target group as well as activities for the sports. Extreme sports, although a psychological thrill, have been listed as official sports in some events like the Olympics and other regionally held events. History of Sports From early 2000 BC, China was reported to have held sporting events that included gymnastics and other related events. Despite this early awakening in the world or discovery of sport, it is, however not known when exactly the discovery of first sporting event was held for the first time on earth. Speculations say that, Greeks were the pioneers of sports for having discovered the Olympics (Gleyse 1997). The Olympics, although a largely celebrated event all over the world currents, does not make a basis that where it started marks the start of sports. Anciently, sports were taken as a regional event that would be held in certain specific locations within specific communities. Sports as defined by some scholars, it is an event where athletes foster togetherness while at the same time displaying their skills in the various activities they engage in. For this reason, the spirit of togetherness forced rugby and football players to avoid such countries like South Africa for its policy of apartheid. As much as sportsmen would like to hold sporting events for social and spiritual nourishment purposes, South Africas apartheid policy did not appeal to players and sports sponsors therefore taking South Africa off the sporting grind of hosting nations for sports (Mangan 1996). The influence of this issue besides others helped South Africa in abolishing and regarding apartheid as demining policy. Long before the war between Japan and China of 1937, Japanese soldiers trained commercial arts as a means of self-defense in case of a bitter turn of events. Besides riffles and other forms of weaponry, this military lot thought combat could use a little more physical training. These events unveiled the interest of the public to train in various forms of commercial arts for self-defense. In addition, it seems that many of Japanese citizens were familiar or effective in using a certain form of commercial art to defend themselves that this art was taken to sporting events where people would challenge others (Martin 2007). This later spread across Asia and currently is an installment in the Olympics. Violence in Sports 1 in every 5 football events ends up with chaos with 2 of every game having scenes of confrontations and unfair play. Fair play is a requirement that professionals sportsmen thrive to campaign for by following rules and regulations of the activities they participate in. As a matter of fact, scientists have concluded that a fair play cannot be achieved in professional sporting events because the psychology of a sportsman does not allow for defeat and if anything, even if it involves penalties, will be ried to make sure losing is not a predetermined result. In these events, players who would like to win in any means possible meet with rivals who would do anything not to be defeated. In such a clash, it has been argued by Dr. Thomas (1993), that any form of aggression by any opposing team or participant would be met with equal aggression, therefore, causing chaos (Scott 2004). For this reason, sporting is not about the physical skill and motivation to win, it is more of psychological ef fect that encloses sense and replaces with ego. In sports, violence does not always start or get instigated by participants. Fans have been an active source of violence in many sporting events all across the globe. Violence instigated by fans has two twists: fans attacking players and fans of different sides attacking each other. As much as one side starts the aggression, the other responds therefore sending the whole event or moment to chaos. Sports events, long after they have concluded or before they start, have the potential to send fans into riots and acts of violence especially in times when furious fans lose to their longtime enemies. Decision-making process of some referees and assistant referees has been regarded as controversial with the potent of causing chaos. For a long time, referees have been targets of violence in sporting events for either fans or participating sportsmen. The decisions made by referees affect both competing sides either positively or negatively. The side that feels to be negatively affected may take it on the referee or on the rival party. With the restrictions and penalties sportsmen are subjected to in order to observe ethics, physical violence has subsided therefore giving a rise to sports cold war (Kyle 2007). This raise involves use of offensive language to attack one another while at the same time crossing the boundaries of racism. Sports and Politics International political relations between nations have spilt to the sporting world. Americans have been on many occasions supporting nations at war against the Soviet Union and this has left a dent in the relationship between the USA and Russia. Israel, on the other hand, is known to be an ally of the USA in terms of providing war back up and supporting USAs military policies and interventions. To put this in context, during the 1972 Olympics in Berlin, masked men sneaked into the hotel of Israeli team and killed several sportsmen. The relationship of Germany and USA and their allies were not good before and after the World War II (Rinehart 2000). For this case, Germany would launch attacks on British, USA and their allies and other nations they had confrontations with then fail taking responsibility. Adolf Hitler was an Austrian by birth and German by existing and growing in Germany. Hitler became the leader and commander of Nazi movement that launched a series of attacks and attempts to overthrow the Germany government during the 1920s. When Hitler became the leader of Germany, he pushed on policies that intimidated the world and through it into World War II. In 1942, a football match that was classified as a sport was used to punish prisoners of war. The motive of the game was unknown and the referee was a biased Nazi soldier who led to the winning of the German side. Following this defeat, the prisoners of war were mostly tortured and killed afterwards the football match is the best-known as Death Match (Samson Fafard 2002). Africa is a large continent with variety of resources and potential leaders but one of the poorest in the entire world. Sporting events have been deteriorating in this continent due to corruption in various sporting departments and associated ministries. Take Kenya, an East African country best known for producing unsurpassed marathon and long distance athletes, for example, was banned by FIFA from participating in any FIFA sponsored event due to political involvement. This decision was reached after the Minister for Sports did speak during 2009-2010 duration (Schenk 1994). Sports as an Art Art is referred as the ability of arranging items in a certain chronological order to influence emotion, sense and intellect. Traditionally, art refers to skill and mastery of a certain activity. Sports as an art influence mastery of skills as well as emotions and sense. When different groups of people foster for change in the way the environment is treated, they use sporting events or organize sporting events to make their points sail. Miss World is an event that connects beauty with imagination and brains. As a sport, Miss World events draw a sense of belonging and a theme for participants to hold on to as relevance of the event. Environmentalists have used the event as a platform for installing sense to people on how to conserve the environment (Rinehart 2000). On another point, obesity is a killer condition that has taken the lives of many American citizens and this has fostered a need to enlighten people on this issue. For this case, governmental and non-governmental organizatii ons have launched sporting campaigns to help people to deal with their personal health issues. Japanese and the Chinese boost of being the pioneers and discoverers of Karate and Kung Fu among other commercial art fighting techniques. As a tool or vice for achieving inner peace, the Japanese and Chinese use these commercial art installments as sports that help them to achieve psychological relaxation. As an art, this sport helps these people and other interested parties to connect emotionally in sense and master of skill (Kyle 2007). Sports as a Career Professional sportsmen are some of the well paid people in the world besides CEOs of multibillion organizations and drug cartel. Among the best paying sports include American football, professional football, golf, tennis, baseball, Formula 1, and cycling. Besides the trophies and associated cash prizes that the sportsmen expect after winning games, sponsorships and contracts entered into guarantee good pay over the period agreed (Simon 1985). Many people have shown interest in sporting and this has triggered a response of investors to investing in sports. The interest that people all over the world in buying tickets and subscribing to pay TV to watch their favorite sports has triggered a sense of taking sports of our daily lives. Sponsors and investors are sponsoring and investing in sports that seem to have the biggest number of fans or subscribers. In this sense, contracts between players or sportsmen and the sponsors is a way of creating careers in sports. European Football is one of the most sponsored sport in the world with players getting as much as 3 million Euros per year while others garnering 42 million US Dollars for a duration not exceeding 5 years of contract. Many sponsors do not pay the players this much because the returns of the clubs or teams they play for are very big but because the companies behind the sponsorships use such deals as marketing deal therefore providing careers for players (Soden, 2003). Like other sports, football is not about winning to guarantee the careers of players but rather the potential and marketing of products made by their respective sponsors. Sport as a career is an overrated profession whose players survival on the top spot depends on individual performance and this sets the difference of salaries between one player and another. Many risks are involved in this line of career in terms of personal health and physique. Many are times when players have to train and participate in games held in places with harsh weather conditions. On the other hand, the nature of some sports puts the players at various risks of body injury and mental instability. Some of these sports with the potential of causing body injuries include football, American football because of the nature of tackling as well as the level of aggression, ice hockey for the use of blades for skating, horseback racing due to the probability of falling from the inhuman creatures and car racing around a circular track due to the high chances of collision (Sugden Tomlinson 2000). For these instances, more people use sports as careers, injury and health is equally put o n the line. Influence of Technology on Sports On the fifty-first minute into the football game between Argentina and England in the World Cup of 1986, Diego Maradona, an Argentinian player scored an illegal handball goal that went unrealized. Considering the level of technology at that moment, the illegal goal was as a wakeup call for football to embrace newer technologies to counter errors of judgment during matches (Martin 2007). During the early times of 1990s and before, sport was an event people would attend by travelling and its market was close to zero on media. With technology advancement, sports have gained more fame and people take them as part of life regarding the invention of color televisions, powerful cameras and reliably fast networks for transmission. As of today, physical tickets for watching major sporting event comprise to less than 20% of the total revenue sports events get. This means that sports have embraced technology to sell more over the air than attract people to watch live games. Televising Formula 1 races would not be possible if faster transmitting channels were not in place to enable this crucial requirement (Scott 2004). Conclusion Sport is any activity that people engage in with the aim of challenging each other in order to win in exchange for making themselves feel good, get prizes or prove a point. Sports have revolved from just being community-based events to internationally recognized and accepted form of keeping fit as well as entertainment. Sport is both a source of income as well as a number of life changing occurrences like injuries, health, and economical value to the participant. The commercial side of sports was fully realized with the technological revolution that put up fast networks for transmission and television sets that complete the need of viewers from all over the world. Buy custom Research Sports essay

How to Get the Best Dartmouth Peer Recommendation

How to Get the Best Dartmouth Peer Recommendation SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Not only is Dartmouth a very competitive school to get into, it also has an unusual requirement on its application: a letter of recommendation from a peer. This Dartmouth peer recommendation is in addition to two letters from teachers and one from a school counselor. This guide dives a little deeper into what Dartmouth is looking for in a peer recommendation, and how you can get a great one that will impress admissions officers. First, how does Dartmouth describe this special reference letter? Dartmouth's Guidelines for Peer Recommendations Dartmouth "strongly encourages" applicants to send a peer recommendation, which, when applying to such a selective school, should read as "requires." Once you have your recommender, you'll invite her to submit her letter as the "Other Recommender" on the Common Application. When most students come across this requirement, they think, "Dartmouth already has three other reference letters about me. Why does it want another one?" Good question.What exactly is Dartmouth looking for in this peer rec? According to Dartmouth, it wants to get a fresh perspective on you: "We don't want another letter from a teacher, coach, or other supervisory presence in your life; we have enough of those. Ask a peer who can provide fresh insight into your interests and your character." In terms of who qualifies as a peer, Dartmouth says it can be "a friend from school, or camp, or your neighborhood. It might be a teammate, someone from your community of faith, or a co-worker. Perhaps a cousin, a sibling: it doesn't matter." What does matter about who you ask is that this person knows you well and is qualified, by virtue of her relationship with you, to speak to your character and provide an honest and heartfelt recommendation. As Dartmouth says, "Just be sure that the person who writes your Peer Rec can express your strengths and the qualities that you have to share" and "is able to provide us with context about who you are, and what you could bring to our college community." Dartmouth is flexible about whether you ask a friend or relative, and they want someone who presents your strengths and a vision of what you'll contribute to college. Besides what Dartmouth has to say about the peer recommendation, is there anything else that makes it different from a teacher or counselor rec? How Is the Dartmouth Peer Recommendation Unique? Dartmouth is a highly selective and academically rigorous college. In its upcoming Class of 2019, 95% of the class were in the top 10% of their high school classes, and over 38% were valedictorians. That's why a lot of peer recommenders think that they need to rave about their friend's intelligence and academic feats. But that approach might be a mistake. Your teacher recommendations, along with the rest of your application, can speak to your love of learning and commitment to education. Your peer recommender, though, is a great person to talk about your character and personality, as well as to give admissions officers a sense of how you'll interact socially when you arrive to campus. Of course, your recommenders can speak to your boundless curiosity or commitment to a certain area, but they shouldn't feel confined to talking about academic ability. They don't have to emulate a teacher or counselor recommendation. Instead, they can be less formal and more personal. They can show the Dartmouth admissions committee that not only do you have the academic credentials to make it there, but you're also a caring, loyal, funny, or energetic friend. Given that the peer recommendation can focus on your awesome personal qualities and strength of character, who should you ask for this unique reference letter? Someone overwhelmed with schoolwork and college applications might not have time to write you a great letter. Who Should You Ask for a Peer Recommendation? The most important factor in choosing someone to write your peer recommendation is the strength of your relationship with that person. You should choose someone who knows you well and can write insightfully about your personality and goals. The best letters include anecdotes and examples of times that you demonstrated your strengths. Rather than just speaking about what a selfless friend you are, for example, your recommender could describe how you helped her memorize her lines for the school play every day for two weeks. Stories will both make the letter more memorable and paint a more colorful picture of who you are and what values motivate your actions. When choosing your recommender, you also want to be confident that this person admires you and will provide an outstanding, positive recommendation.If there's any potential conflict of interest - for instance, if your friend also has her heart set on getting accepted to Dartmouth - then you might want to reconsider your choice. You should feel confident that your peer recomender genuinely wants to help you get accepted and is motivated to put in the time and effort to write you an exceptional letter. Apart from choosing a close friend who knows you well and can share meaningful stories with the Dartmouth admissions committee, you should consider your friend's writing skills. Is she able to express her ideas clearly and effectively? Can she communicate a powerful endorsement that will stick out to admissions committees? Will she put in the effort to choose her words carefully and not fall into cliches? The best letters take time and effort to craft and often go through several revisions. You want to make sure your friend is able to spend time on your letter to make it the best it can be. It could also be a good idea to share guides, like this one, with your friend about peer recommendations and suggestions on what to include to make the letter stand out. Besides being thoughtful about who you choose as your recommender, what else can you do to get a great peer recommendation for your Dartmouth application? Tell your peer recommender everything she needs to know! Communicate With Your Recommender After asking your friend to write you a peer letter of recommendation, the conversation shouldn't end there!To help your recommender write you a great letter customized to Dartmouth, you should share lots of important information with her. First, make sure she understands the purpose of the peer recommendation, like how she shouldhighlight your primary strengths and personal qualities. Share with her the importance of using examples, along with explaining how she knows you and what she sees you bringing to the Dartmouth campus. Since Dartmouth is such a competitive school, you may be emphasizing a particular interest in your application or plan for future study. Your friend's recommendation can corroborate the story you're telling about yourself, as well as add to it. If you're focusing on your love of literature, for instance, then your friend could talk about the weekly book club you run or the touching poem you wrote her for her birthday. Her recommendation can complement your story and add a personal and memorable touch. She can also make sure she's not repeating too much that's already present in your application, but instead is adding the "fresh perspective" that Dartmouth's looking for. Along similar lines, you should share information about Dartmouth, if needed, so she knows more about the college you're applying to. You can tell your friend all about why you want to go there and what your goals are. Let her know how important the peer recommendation is for helping admissions officers get to know a side of you that your teachers and counselors might not show. Emphasize that peer recs don't have to focus on academic ability, but instead can shed light on personality and social skills. Recommendation letters for college are generally kept confidential, so it's your friend's decision if she wants to share the letter with you for revision or feedback. Even if she doesn't, you can share your ideas with her and help brainstorm. That way you can contribute to what ultimately goes into the letter. Be proactive about sharing resources and information with your peer recommender, and reap the benefits with an outstanding letter. Final Thoughts While a mediocre peer recommendation probably won't sink your application, a strong one could do a lot to paint you as a successful future Dartmouth student. Be thoughtful about who you choose, and make sure to give her enough time and information to do a thorough and effective job. While your peer recommender may want to keep her letter private, you can be confident that the person you asked supports you, knows you deeply, and has the skills and desire to write a great letter. Make sure your friend knows your deadlines (November 1st for early decision and January 1st for regular decision), and how to submit her letter to the Common App. Then all that's left for you to do is send her a big thank you for helping you get into this exciting school! What's Next? Are you thinking about who to ask for your teacher recommendations? Read more about who to ask for a strong letter of recommendation and exactly how to frame your request. If you're applying to a school like Dartmouth, you want to put the same careful planning into the rest of your application as you do your peer recommendation. For help in this, check out our guide on how to build a versatile college application. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

What are Effective Ways of Coping with Anxiety and Nervousness in Essay

What are Effective Ways of Coping with Anxiety and Nervousness in Teaching - Essay Example   Learners for the lessons were non-native English-speaking students. The English Language Institution was chosen for this teaching practice. This course is designed for someone who wishes to visit an English-speaking country soon, and it is also suitable for students who are studying English for educational reasons. At the moment, the learners level of English is approximately the lower intermediate level. The class size will be no more than 10 students, who will be at least 16 years old. The main purpose of this lesson is to introduce new vocabulary and simple grammar. Students will be able to improve their communication skills for leisurely and social purposes by engaging in authentic conversational activities; they also gain practice in using English language patterns through reading the customized text and completing predetermined gaps in the text meaningfully. By providing both controlled and freer practice, it is intended that students will become more confident in their use of English. Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) is the methodological framework for a lesson where tasks are used as â€Å"the core unit of planning and instruction† (Richards and Rodegers, 2001: 223). By setting difficult but achievable tasks, the students are challenged, which then facilitates learning. This lesson emphasizes the process of learning, provides the students with a natural context for language use and focuses on tasks  that are meaningful, as, without meaning, there can be no learning (Larsen-Freeman, 2000; Littlewood, 2004). Based on the TBLT, some useful lesson procedures for teaching receptive skills are developed. However, since tasks are defined in terms of what people actually do in authentic situations, there is flexibility in the pedagogical approach, so long as the learners complete the tasks meaningfully and are not expected to regurgitate others' meaning. What it means to be a teacher covers a wide scope of responsibility. As teaching is a ‘people-orient ed’ field, many considerations must be taken into account when making decisions that would benefit the majority. This peer-teaching practice has pushed me to the deepest level of introspection regarding my own beliefs and principles on teaching and education.

No Child Left Behind Program Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10500 words

No Child Left Behind Program - Coursework Example However, the implementation of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) program has brought a new level of cogency to the necessity of schools working to ensure that more and more of their students move toward proficiency goals in math and reading/language arts, as well as improving attendance and graduation rates. The lofty goal of the program is to ensure that by 2014, all students in all schools are academically proficient in both math and reading/language arts (Tennessee Department of Education, 2005). Proficiency requirements have been established for nine populations within schools, including five race and ethnic groups, students with disabilities, limited English-proficient students, economically disadvantaged students, and the school as a whole (Tennessee Department of Education, 2005). Under the NCLB, schools, rather than individual children, are labeled according to their ability to meet the standards. A school or district that fails to meet the NCLB benchmarks for a year is labeled a "target school." A school or district that tails to show progress in the same category (math, reading/language arts, and attendance or graduation rates) for two consecutive years will be labeled "high priority." If the school or district so labeled shows progress two years in a row, it will be removed from the high priority list; should it fail to meet federal benchmarks but the number of students whose scores rise is 10% or more, as well as meeting a designated additional indicator, the school will still be considered to have met the NCLB standards under a "safe harbor" provision (Tennessee Department of Education, 2005). While the federal standards are relatively rigid, there is the opportunity for states to contribute to them. In Tennessee, under NCLB, K-8 schools will be considered to have met federal requirements if all of the subgroups demonstrate: "- 95% participation rate on all state assessments "- Required proficiency in math as determined by TCAP achievement tests "- Required proficiency in reading/language arts as determined by TCAP achievement tests and writing assessments "- 93% attendance rate for the school year or improvement from the previous year 9th -12th grade schools will meet federal benchmarks if they demonstrate in all of the subgroups: "- 95% participation rate on all state assessments "- Required proficiency in math Gateway tests "- Required proficiency in reading/language arts as determined by English Gateway tests and writing assessments "- 90% graduation rate for the school year or improvement from the previous year" (Tennessee Department of Education, 2005). Negative assessment of schools and districts is the hallmark of NCLB. If a school or